The life and role of Elijah Muhammad are prominently discussed in the first thorough study of the Nation of Islam, C. Eric Lincoln, The Black Muslims in America (1961). A recent biography is Karl EvanzzThe Messenger: The Rise and Fall of Elijah Muhammad (1999).

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Elijah muhammad was born on October 7, 1897. His parents was ex-slaves who worked as share-croppers on cotton plantation. When Elijah Muhammad was young he worked in fields and railroads. When he was sixteen he settled in Detroit Michigan. Muhammad and his two brothers became disciples of W.D. Fard the founder of the nation of islam. Settling in Chicago, away from hostile Muslim factions in Detroit, Muhammad built what quickly became the most important center of the movement. In 1942 Muhammad was one of a group of militant African American leaders arrested on charges of sedition, conspiracy, and violation of the draft laws.